Taqwasbakery

Defining Middle Eastern Dishes: Make Them at Home

Introduction

The Middle East is a region characterized by its rich tapestry of cultures, languages, and traditions. Its culinary landscape is no exception, as it boasts a wealth of flavors, textures, and historical significance. This blog post delves into ten defining dishes that are not only beloved in the region but have also gained global recognition. We’ll explore the origins, cultural importance, and recipes for each dish, allowing you to bring a piece of this vibrant cuisine into your own kitchen.

1. Hummus

Cultural Significance:

Hummus is more than just a dip; it represents the heart of Middle Eastern culinary heritage. Its creamy texture and nutty flavor have made it a favorite across the globe. While its exact origins are debated—claims range from Lebanon to Israel, and even to Palestine—the first documented recipes date back to 13th-century Egypt. Traditionally served as part of mezze, a style of dining involving a variety of small dishes, hummus invites social interaction and communal eating.
Hummus is not only celebrated for its taste but also for its nutritional value. Packed with protein and fiber, it serves as a healthy alternative to many snacks and spreads. This dish symbolizes the Middle Eastern tradition of creating elaborate flavors from simple ingredients, showcasing the region’s agricultural bounty.

Recipe:
Ingredients:

• 1 cup canned chickpeas
• 1/4 cup fresh lemon juice (about 1 large lemon)
• 1/4 cup well-stirred tahini
• 1 small garlic clove, minced
• 2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
• Salt to taste
• 2 to 3 tablespoons water
• Dash of ground paprika, for serving
• Optional: fresh parsley for garnish

Instructions:

1. In a blender or food processor, combine the tahini and lemon juice, processing until smooth. This step enhances the flavor of the tahini.
2. Add the minced garlic, olive oil, and a pinch of salt. Process for 30 seconds, scrape down the sides, and process again until the mixture is creamy.
3. Drain and rinse the chickpeas. Add half to the food processor and blend until thick and smooth. Then add the remaining chickpeas and blend for another minute or so.
4. If the hummus is too thick, adjust the consistency with water, adding a tablespoon at a time until you reach your desired texture.
5. Serve in a bowl, drizzling with olive oil, sprinkling with paprika, and optionally garnishing with fresh parsley. Store any leftovers in an airtight container in the fridge for up to one week.

2. Falafel

Cultural Significance:

Falafel has become a global symbol of Middle Eastern street food. Though its origins trace back to Egypt—where it was initially made with fava beans—it has evolved into a dish made primarily with chickpeas. Falafel’s rise in popularity can be attributed to its satisfying crunch and robust flavor, making it a favorite among vegetarians and meat-eaters alike. Its rich cultural history reflects the Middle Eastern tradition of using legumes as a protein source, particularly in times of scarcity.
In many Middle Eastern countries, falafel is often served in pita bread with fresh vegetables and tahini sauce, transforming it into a complete meal. Its widespread appeal is a testament to its adaptability, allowing it to fit into various culinary traditions while remaining true to its roots.

Recipe:
Ingredients:

• 1 cup dried chickpeas
• 1/2 large onion, roughly chopped
• 2 tablespoons fresh parsley, chopped
• 2 tablespoons fresh cilantro, chopped
• 1 teaspoon salt
• 1/2-1 teaspoon dried hot red pepper
• 4 garlic cloves, minced
• 1 teaspoon cumin
• 1 teaspoon baking powder
• 4-6 tablespoons flour
• Oil for frying

Instructions:

1. Soak the dried chickpeas overnight in water. This helps soften them and makes them easier to blend.
2. Drain the chickpeas and place them in a food processor with the onion, parsley, cilantro, salt, red pepper, garlic, and cumin. Pulse until the mixture is blended but still slightly grainy.
3. Transfer the mixture to a bowl, add baking powder, and sprinkle in flour, mixing until a dough forms that holds together when shaped.
4. Shape the mixture into small balls or patties. Heat oil in a deep fryer or a heavy pot to about 350°F (175°C).
5. Carefully drop the falafel into the hot oil in batches. Fry until golden brown, about 3-4 minutes. Remove and drain on paper towels.
6. Serve in pita bread with fresh vegetables, tahini sauce, or as part of a larger mezze platter.

3. Tabbouleh

Cultural Significance:

Tabbouleh is a bright, refreshing salad that embodies the spirit of Middle Eastern cuisine. Originating from the Levant region, particularly Lebanon and Syria, this salad dates back to the Middle Ages. Traditionally made with parsley, bulgur, and tomatoes, tabbouleh represents the emphasis on fresh, local ingredients in Middle Eastern cooking. It is often served as a part of mezze and is a beloved accompaniment to grilled meats and other dishes.
The key to a perfect tabbouleh lies in the quality of its ingredients, especially the herbs. Fresh parsley and mint give the salad its vibrant flavor and refreshing aroma. The dish symbolizes the Middle Eastern tradition of balancing flavors and textures, making it not only a healthy option but also a culinary delight.

Recipe:
Ingredients:

• 1/2 cup fine bulgur wheat
• 3 tablespoons olive oil
• 1 cup boiling-hot water
• 2 cups finely chopped parsley
• 1/2 cup chopped fresh mint
• 2 medium tomatoes, diced
• 1/2 cucumber, diced
• 3 tablespoons fresh lemon juice
• 1/2 teaspoon salt
• Optional: chopped green onions

Instructions:

1. Rinse the bulgur wheat under cold water. Place it in a bowl and pour the boiling water over it. Cover and let it soak for about 20 minutes until tender.
2. Once the bulgur has absorbed the water, fluff it with a fork and let it cool.
3. In a large bowl, combine the chopped parsley, mint, tomatoes, cucumber, and bulgur.
4. In a separate bowl, whisk together the olive oil, lemon juice, and salt, then pour it over the salad.
5. Toss gently to combine, adjusting seasoning as needed. Let it rest for 15-30 minutes before serving to allow the flavors to meld.

4. Shawarma

Cultural Significance:

Shawarma is an emblematic Middle Eastern dish that has captured hearts worldwide. Its origins can be traced back to the Ottoman Empire, where it was known as "döner kebab." Shawarma's method of preparation—cooking marinated meat on a vertical spit—ensures that it remains juicy and flavorful.
This dish has become a quintessential street food across the Middle East, often served in warm pita bread or flatbreads with an array of toppings such as pickles, tomatoes, and garlic sauce. The blend of spices used in shawarma varies by region, allowing for diverse interpretations while maintaining its core essence.

Recipe:
Ingredients:

• 1 lb boneless chicken thighs (or lamb/beef)
• 1/4 cup plain Greek yogurt
• 3 tablespoons olive oil
• 1 teaspoon turmeric
• 1 teaspoon cumin
• 1 teaspoon coriander
• 1 teaspoon garlic powder
• 1 teaspoon paprika
• Salt and pepper to taste
• Pita bread, tahini, lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers for serving

Instructions:

1. In a bowl, combine the yogurt, olive oil, and spices. Add the chicken thighs, ensuring they are well coated. Cover and marinate in the refrigerator for at least 2 hours or overnight for deeper flavor.
2. Preheat your grill or skillet over medium-high heat. Cook the marinated chicken for about 7-8 minutes per side or until fully cooked and golden brown.
3. Once cooked, let the chicken rest for a few minutes before slicing it thinly.
4. Serve the sliced chicken in pita bread with toppings such as tahini sauce, lettuce, tomatoes, and cucumbers, allowing diners to build their own shawarma wraps.

5. Mansaf

Cultural Significance:

Mansaf, often regarded as Jordan's national dish, embodies the spirit of hospitality and communal dining in Bedouin culture. Traditionally prepared for special occasions, it consists of lamb cooked in a tangy yogurt sauce known as jameed, served over a bed of rice. This dish reflects Jordanian generosity and is often served on large platters for family and friends to share.
The preparation of mansaf can be a celebratory affair, with families gathering to prepare and serve it. Its distinct flavors and communal nature symbolize the importance of community and hospitality in Middle Eastern culture.

Recipe:
Ingredients:

• 2 pounds lamb, cut into pieces
• 2 cups plain yogurt
• 1/2 cup rice
• 1 flatbread (shrak)
• 4 cups water
• 1/2 teaspoon turmeric
• 1/2 teaspoon allspice
• Salt to taste
• Almonds and fresh parsley for garnish

Instructions:

1. In a large pot, bring the water to a boil. Add the lamb pieces, turmeric, allspice, and salt. Simmer until the meat is tender, about 1.5-2 hours.
2. Once the meat is cooked, remove it and set it aside. Strain the broth and reserve it.
3. In a bowl, whisk the yogurt until smooth. Gradually add some reserved broth to temper the yogurt before adding it to the pot. Heat gently while stirring until warmed through.
4. In a separate pot, cook the rice in salted water until fluffy.
5. To serve, place the flatbread on a large serving platter, top it with rice, and then layer the lamb pieces on top. Pour the yogurt sauce over the dish and garnish with almonds and parsley.

6. Kebabs

Cultural Significance:

Kebabs are a beloved staple across the Middle East, showcasing the region’s rich tradition of grilling meat. This dish can be traced back to the ancient Persians, who were known for their methods of cooking skewered meat over open flames. Today, kebabs come in various forms, from shish kebabs (skewered meat) to kofta (minced meat mixed with spices).
In many Middle Eastern cultures, kebabs are synonymous with gatherings and celebrations, often served with a side of fresh salads and breads. The diversity of ingredients and preparation methods reflects the region's culinary creativity, making kebabs a universal favorite.

Recipe:
Ingredients:

• 1 lb ground beef or lamb
• 1 onion, grated
• 1/4 cup fresh parsley, chopped
• 1 teaspoon cumin
• 1 teaspoon paprika
• Salt and pepper to taste
• Skewers (if wooden, soaked in water)

Instructions:

1. In a bowl, combine the ground meat, grated onion, parsley, spices, salt, and pepper. Mix well until combined.
2. Form the mixture into long sausage shapes around the skewers.
3. Preheat your grill or skillet. Cook the kebabs for about 5-7 minutes, turning occasionally until browned and cooked through.
4. Serve hot with warm pita, tahini sauce, and a side of grilled vegetables or a fresh salad.

7. Baba Ganoush

Cultural Significance:

Baba Ganoush is a smoky eggplant dip that has gained immense popularity in both Middle Eastern and Western cuisine. Its origins are believed to be in Lebanon and Syria, where eggplant is a staple ingredient. The dish showcases the versatility of eggplant, transforming it into a creamy and flavorful dip.
Baba Ganoush is often served as part of a mezze platter, complementing dishes like hummus and tabbouleh. The combination of tahini, garlic, and lemon juice adds depth and richness to the dip, making it a delightful appetizer for any occasion.

Recipe:
Ingredients:

• 1 large eggplant
• 1/4 cup tahini
• 2 tablespoons lemon juice
• 1 garlic clove, minced
• Salt to taste
• Olive oil for garnish
• Smoked paprika for garnish

Instructions:

1. Preheat your oven to 400°F (200°C). Prick the eggplant with a fork and roast it on a baking sheet for 30-40 minutes until the skin is charred and the flesh is soft.
2. Once cool enough to handle, peel the skin off the eggplant and mash the flesh in a bowl.
3. Mix in tahini, lemon juice, garlic, and salt until smooth.
4. Transfer to a serving bowl, drizzle with olive oil, and sprinkle with smoked paprika for an added flavor twist. Serve with pita bread or vegetable sticks.

8. Fattoush

Cultural Significance:

Fattoush is a vibrant Lebanese salad that exemplifies the region's love for fresh vegetables and bold flavors. Traditionally, it was a way to use leftover pieces of pita bread, incorporating them into a refreshing salad. Fattoush has become a beloved dish in many Middle Eastern countries, known for its bright colors and zesty dressing.
The salad’s combination of crispy bread and crunchy vegetables creates a delightful texture, while the addition of pomegranate seeds or sumac adds a unique tanginess. It’s a perfect representation of how Middle Eastern cuisine embraces the concept of reducing waste while maximizing flavor.

Recipe:
Ingredients:

• 1 large cucumber, diced
• 2 cups chopped romaine lettuce
• 1 cup cherry tomatoes, halved
• 1/2 cup radishes, sliced
• 1/4 cup green onions, sliced
• 1/2 cup parsley, chopped
• 1 large pita bread
• 1/4 cup olive oil
• 3 tablespoons lemon juice
• Salt and pepper to taste
• 1 teaspoon sumac (optional)

Instructions:

1. Toast or grill the pita bread until crispy. Tear into bite-sized pieces.
2. In a large bowl, combine cucumber, lettuce, tomatoes, radishes, green onions, and parsley.
3. In a small bowl, whisk together olive oil, lemon juice, salt, pepper, and sumac if using.
4. Add the toasted pita to the salad, drizzle with dressing, and toss gently. Serve immediately to maintain the pita’s crunch.

9. Mujadara

Cultural Significance:

Mujadara is a comforting and nutritious dish made from lentils, rice, and caramelized onions. It is a staple in many Middle Eastern households and reflects the region’s culinary ingenuity in creating flavorful meals with minimal ingredients. Its roots can be traced back to ancient times, making it a dish steeped in history.
This dish is often served during fasting periods or as a vegetarian option, showcasing how legumes and grains form the backbone of Middle Eastern diets. Mujadara is celebrated for its simplicity and heartiness, making it a go-to comfort food for families across the region.

Recipe:
Ingredients:

• 1 cup lentils
• 1 cup rice
• 2 large onions, sliced
• 4 cups water
• 1 teaspoon cumin
• Salt and pepper to taste
• Olive oil for frying

Instructions:

1. In a pot, bring water to a boil. Add lentils and cook for about 15 minutes until just tender.
2. Rinse the rice and add it to the pot with the lentils. Add more water if necessary and cook until the rice is tender and the water is absorbed, about 20 minutes.
3. In a skillet, heat olive oil and sauté the onions until caramelized and golden brown.
4. Serve the lentil and rice mixture topped with the caramelized onions, garnished with fresh herbs if desired.

10. Kunafa

Cultural Significance:

Kunafa is a beloved Middle Eastern dessert that combines the richness of pastry with the sweetness of syrup. Its origins can be traced to the Levant region, particularly Palestine and Lebanon. Traditionally served during Ramadan and special occasions, kunafa showcases the art of pastry-making in Middle Eastern cuisine.
The dish features a delicate balance between crunchy and creamy textures, often filled with cheese or cream, and topped with a fragrant syrup. Its preparation is often a communal activity, where families come together to create and share this delightful dessert, celebrating both tradition and togetherness.

Recipe:
Ingredients:

• 1 package shredded phyllo dough (kataifi)
• 1 1/2 cups sugar
• 1 cup water
• 1/2 teaspoon rose water
• 1 pound mozzarella cheese, shredded
• 1 cup clarified butter
• Chopped pistachios for garnish

Instructions:

1. Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). In a pot, combine sugar and water over medium heat to create a syrup, adding rose water once it thickens.
2. Mix the shredded phyllo with melted butter, pressing half into a baking dish. Layer with shredded mozzarella and top with the remaining phyllo.
3. Bake for 30 minutes or until golden brown. Once removed from the oven, pour the warm syrup over the kunafa.
4. Allow it to soak for a few minutes before garnishing with chopped pistachios. Serve warm and enjoy the delightful flavors.

Conclusion

Middle Eastern cuisine is a treasure trove of flavors, aromas, and textures that tell the stories of its diverse cultures and rich histories. Each of these ten dishes not only represents a unique culinary tradition but also showcases the communal aspect of sharing food, celebrating gatherings, and creating memories. By trying these recipes at home, you can bring a taste of the Middle East into your kitchen and experience the warmth and hospitality that this vibrant region has to offer. Whether it’s the creamy hummus or the sweet kunafa, each dish will surely add a new dimension to your culinary repertoire, inviting you to explore the vast world of Middle Eastern gastronomy.